*Edited on February 3, 2020 to include affiliate links and to add 10 minutes to the baking time once the loaf is removed from the pan.
In the world of Nordic cuisine, this dense rye bread is an absolute essential. It serves as the base for most open sandwiches, and is an integral part of the Scandinavian diet, not just in Denmark but throughout the region. Rugbrød can be difficult to find here in the United States. Unless you live near a good Scandinavian bakery, it’s likely that the only rye you are able to find is something more like pumpernickel or a deli rye which are definitely not the same thing as rugbrød. If you want an authentic Danish rye, you are probably going to have to make it yourself.
What is Rugbrød?
Rugbrød simply means “rye bread” in Danish. It is a sturdy, dense loaf that is comprised of rye flour, chopped rye grains and is often studded with sunflower, pumpkin and/or flax seeds. It is almost always baked in a 13 x 4 inch pullman pan with a lid. This helps the rye bread bake properly and gives it its characteristic square shape.
Rye breads, particularly those baked here in America, often have a variety of ingredients added to them to enhance their color (making them darker in appearance) and flavor. Common additions include caramel coloring (no thank you), stout beer, cocoa powder, espresso powder and molasses. Rugbrød, in contrast, has very little additional flavoring, perhaps just a little molasses for sweetening. It is meant to be a very straightforward bread so that it can serve as a neutral base for a variety of different sandwich toppings. Sometimes I will come across a rugbrød recipe that calls for flavor enhancers such as caraway, fennel or anise seed in the dough, but this seems to be more of an exception than the rule. Again, simple is the name of the game here.
When it is served, Rugbrød is typically sliced thin (a little less than a quarter of an inch) and buttered liberally with salted butter. There is actually a word in Danish, tandsmør, which means “tooth butter”. It refers to buttering your bread generously enough so that when you bite into it you can see your teeth marks in it. You butter lovers know what I’m talking about. It may be enjoyed as is, simply slathered with butter, or it can be piled with additional ingredients to form the base of smørrebrød, the famous Danish open sandwich.
What Makes Rye So Special?
Rye has many unique qualities that make it quite different from wheat, both as a whole grain and in flour form:
- Rye has historically been important for the Nordic region as it is a hearty plant that can tolerate poor soil and weathers cold and wet conditions better than most grains. It was the primary grain relied upon for bread-baking in the north for centuries and is still popular today.
- Rye flour has less gluten than wheat flour. Gluten strands form the structure of bread and trap gases produced by the yeast so that your bread leavens properly. Because gluten doesn’t form well when rye flour is mixed with water, rye breads are always more dense in structure and have a closer crumb that wheat breads.
- Rye flour holds more water than wheat flour and contains certain enzymes that convert starch to sugar. This can cause rye breads to be overly moist and have a gummy texture if not handled and baked properly.
- Rye breads get better with a little age. Unlike wheat breads which are best eaten shortly after cooling, both the texture and flavor of rye bread improves after a rest of 24-36 hours.
- An interesting fact: There is a fungus called ergot that can attack rye plants causing the grains to become highly toxic to humans and trigger hallucinations if ingested. Some historians believe that ergot-infested rye was the cause of the hallucinations that led to the Salem witch trials in Massachusetts in 1692. Fortunately, modern industrialization has all but eliminated any risk of ergot-infected rye as any diseased grains are removed prior to processing.
Rye’s unique qualities can make it challenging to use in a bread recipe. When I make Danish rye at home, I use a sourdough starter which is the traditional way to make it. The starter contributes certain acids to the dough which help neutralize some of the negative effects of the enzymes that can cause the bread to have a gummy texture. But I know a lot of people don’t keep starters and may not be up to the commitment that it involves. So I really wanted to find an easy rugbrød recipe, one that relied solely on commercial yeast rather than a sourdough starter for leavening.
I tried several. Some were total disasters and inedible. I’m talking sunken, raw in the center, straight into the trash bad. A few came out okay, but they were not even close to the quality of my sourdough loaf which I consider to be the gold standard. I knew I could come up with something better. I worked my way through several pounds of rye flour, testing and tweaking, until finally finding a consistently successful loaf that had the look and texture of authentic rugbrød. The keys turned out to be a mixture of wheat and rye flour in the dough (in order to help create a gluten structure to hold the bread aloft and keep it from sinking in the center) AND a method of baking that relies on using a few different oven temperatures during the course of the baking time. This helps prevent the enzymes that produce a gummy texture from developing by keeping the bread from spending too much time in the temperature zone where their formation is the most favorable.
If you make your own smørrebrød at home or would like to, please give this bread a try. Bursting with rye, whole grains and a variety of tasty seeds, it is one of the most delicious and nutritious breads out there. And using it as a base for a Nordic open sandwich will give you a true taste of authenticity. If you are new to smørrebrød, there are several open sandwich recipes on the blog to get you started:
- New Potato Smørrebrød with Garlic Aioli and Crispy Shallots
- Balsamic-Glazed Mushroom Smørrebrød with White Bean Puree
- Roasted Butternut Squash Smørrebrød with Spicy Harissa Mayo and Pepitas
- Roasted Salmon Smørrebrød with Creamy Mustard Dill Sauce and Pickled Beets
- Smoked Salmon and Fennel Salad Smørrebrød
- Chickpea Salad Smørrebrød
- Easy Garden Tomato Smørrebrød
- Beet and Celery Root Cake Smørrebrød with Herbed Yogurt Sauce
- Caramelized Leek and Snap Pea Salad Smørrebrød
- Italian Salad and Ham Smørrebrød
Easy Overnight Danish Rye (Rugbrød)
An easy overnight version of classic Danish rye bread with no sourdough.
- Prep Time: 20 minutes plus 12 hours resting time
- Cook Time: 1 hour, 30 minutes
- Total Time: approximately 14 hours, largely unattended
- Yield: One 13 inch loaf
- Category: Bread
- Cuisine: Nordic, Danish, Scandinavian
Ingredients
For the Soaker:
2 ½ cups 7 grain hot cereal mix such as Bob’s Red Mill brand or rye chops (see note below)
1 cup sunflower seeds
1 cup pumpkin seeds
½ cup flax seeds
2 ⅔ cups cold water
For the Dough:
2 cups dark rye flour (I use the Bob’s Red Mill brand), plus more for dusting the pan and loaf
2 cups bread flour
1 teaspoon instant dried yeast
1 ½ cups cold water
4 teaspoons salt
¼ cup molasses
Butter for greasing the pan
Special Equipment Needed:
Stand mixer
Instructions
- For the Soaker: Combine all the ingredients for the soaker in a medium bowl. Cover with plastic wrap and let sit at room temperature overnight, approximately 8-12 hours.
-
For the Dough: Combine both flours, yeast and water in a separate bowl. Stir to combine as best you can (mixture will be thick), and then knead briefly with your hands until you have a cohesive mixture. Dough will be very thick and clay-like in texture. Cover with plastic wrap and let sit at room temperature overnight, about 8-12 hours.
-
Grease a 13 x 4 inch pullman loaf pan with butter and dust with rye flour, including the lid. Set aside. Combine the soaker, flour mixture, salt and molasses in the bowl of a stand mixer. Fit mixer with paddle attachment and mix on low speed for 2-3 minutes until everything is thoroughly combined, scraping down the sides of the bowl from time to time. Increase speed to medium and mix for an additional 2-3 minutes, stopping to occasionally scrape down the sides of the bowl. Mixture will be quite sticky.
-
Transfer the dough to the prepared pan. Smooth out the top and sift a thin layer of rye flour over the surface of the dough. Place lid on pan and let the dough rise for 1½ -3 hours at room temperature or until it is about ½ inch from the top of the pan. The time that it takes for your dough to rise will largely depend on the temperature of the dough and your kitchen.
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Meanwhile, preheat oven to 500 degrees. Bake loaf with the lid on for 15 minutes. Reduce temperature to 400 degrees and continue to bake, covered, for an additional 15 minutes. Remove pan from oven and carefully slide the lid off. Reduce temperature to 325 degrees and bake, uncovered, for an additional 45 minutes. Remove from the oven and immediately turn loaf out onto a metal cooling rack set inside a rimmed baking sheet. Return bread to the oven for an additional 10 minutes. Remove from the oven and allow the bread to cool completely before slicing, at least 3 hours. Rye bread is even better a day after baking. If you can wait until the following day, let the bread sit uncovered at room temperature overnight before slicing. The bread will keep at room temperature for 3 days loosely wrapped in foil. Freeze for longer storage.
Notes
Rugbrød is traditionally made with rye chops, uniformly cut pieces of rye grain. They are available through King Arthur Flour’s online store at www.kingarthurflour.com. Because rye chops are difficult to find, I call for using a whole grain hot cereal mix such as Bob’s Red Mill’s 7 grain cereal mix. These mixes contained a variety of coarsely milled whole grains, including rye, and make a fine stand in for rye chops.
Adapted from The New Nordic by Simon Bajada
Keywords: Danish, rye, bread, rugbrød, smørrebrød, Scandinavian, Nordic
Hello. Have been trying so many recipes and this one is the best. I just love how moist the bread was. Thank you so much. It is now my go to recipe.
★★★★★
Thank you for your feedback! I’m so glad it worked out well for you. It’s definitely my go-to recipe, too!
I was looking for that brown bread found everywhere in Scandinavia at breakfast and the base for open-face sandwiches. This is it! The loaf needs to sit for a couple of days, and it tastes exactly right. So happy to have a fun recipe to keep my pantry stocked with this bread. Thank you.
Thanks for the feedback, Judy! I’m so glad you enjoyed it!
Have you tried this recipe using a Rye Sourdough Starter. If so what amount did you use and how much water did you remove from the yeast based recipe.
Hi George,
I have not tried this particular recipe with a sourdough starter. I do have another recipe for sourdough rugbrød that is very good. I’m happy to share it with you if you are interested (it’s not on the blog yet).
Thanks,
Kristi
Yes I’d like to try the recipe using a sourdough starter instead of comercial yeast.
Thank you for sharing.
George,
I just sent the recipe to your e-mail address. Let me know if you have any questions!
Thanks,
Kristi
Kristi,
I, too, would love the sourdough rugbrod recipe! Thank you!
Leanne
Hi Leanne!
Thanks for your request! Here is the link to the sourdough rugbrød recipe. Happy baking!
Kristi
Hi there, this looks like a great recipe for rugbrød. I am also wondering if you have a similar recipe that uses a rye sourdough starter instead of yeast? And also is manual mixing okay as I don’t have a stand mixer? Thanks in advance.
Hi Holly! I do have a rugbrød sourdough recipe that is really good. I can e-mail it to you if you are interested. You certainly can mix the dough manually, it is just really sticky and difficult to work with. But I would definitely give it a try!
Hey Kristi, Can you share I have your sourdough recipe with me? I am trying to figure out the best way to create some good Rugbrod in the bread machine…..lots of fails but I am getting closer! If you have any ideas please share! Thank you!
Hi Ann! I would be happy to! If you want to e-mail me directly at kristi@true-north-kitchen.com I’ll send it over.
Kristi
hi Kristi – i would love to try this recipe but at this time am unable to purchase the pan with lid that you recommend. can I use a traditional loaf pan or something else??
thanks!
Hi Cheryl! I think you could try splitting the bread dough between 2 regular size loaf pans OR making a half recipe and use one regular loaf pan. For the lid, I have covered my loaf pan with a heavy cookie sheet before and that worked fine. Just make sure you grease and flour the part of the cookie sheet that will come into contact with the bread. I would leave the baking time the same. I hope this helps! Please report back if you give it a try! I made a loaf yesterday and am about to dive into it for breakfast!
Hi Kristi – I finally got around to making the bread and it was amazing! My husband spent lots of time in Copenhagen and has been looking for something like this. It was perfect and I will certainly make it again. Thanks so much!
Hi Cheryl! Thank you for taking the time to get back to me. I’m so glad you loved the bread and that it worked out to bake it in two pans. I will have to try that myself….it might be nice to bake one and freeze one. I’m curious….do you use yours for open sandwiches and do you have a favorite?
we like to add a New York twist – favorite is one slice toasted up crisp with cream cheese and lox topped with dill! I did freeze one loaf and it was just as delicious out of the freezer.Really enjoying your recipes, thanks again
Oh yum! That sounds amazing. I will have to give it a try! I’m always looking for new sandwich ideas.
Fantastic! I was really afraid it would be too wet when I did the dough bit last night, it didn’t seem clayey (how do you spell that?) enough, but it looked beautiful when I saw it at 6am! It was a beast to mix though, my Kenwood mixer is great but not super-sized. My Pullman pan is only 11 inches, and as I had 2kg of dough I put 1.5 kg in it and the rest in a fairly small loaf pan. That worked a treat, and the bread is a treat. I did wait 3 hours and then dove into the small loaf. I’ll leave the big one out until tomorrow, then cut it up and freeze some. I struggle with my rye sourdough starter and am not sure if this bread could be improved with sourdough starter, but I’ll try.
★★★★★
So glad to hear you enjoyed it! It is such a delicious loaf. I can’t wait for you to try the sourdough version! It’s up on the blog now. It’s a little different than this one….more flour and less of the cereal mix/rye chops. A bit more refined I would say. For the record, I use a plain old bread flour sourdough starter for all my breads. So if you keep a rye starter and a wheat starter, feel free to use either in the rugbrød recipe.
I love this bread! The Norwegian bakery in Seattle makes it and I usually get my weekly loaf. In my old age I am lucky enough to have someone else make it for me.
★★★★★
Hi Gigi! I just stumbled across your comment and I’ve actually been looking for a place in Seattle that sells this type of bread! Would you mind sharing the bakery? Thanks 🙂
Hi Gigi! Yes, it’s so delicious. How lucky that you live near a bakery that can make it for you! Thank you for your comment!
Kristi
Is there a variation on this recipe that uses a rye starter rather than commercial yeast?
Hi!
I do have a recipe for sourdough rugbrød on the site here. It’s not entirely the same but it is really delicious! I use a wheat starter in mine, but other readers have used a rye starter and reported excellent results. Happy baking!
Kristi
My husband is 50% Norwegian and Danish. We have visited those countries many times and have always,loved the bread. I was so excited to,find your recipe. Luckily, ai was able to get a Pullman Pan the exact size. Last night and today I made the first loaf. Tomorrow, I will taste it. I got a bit worried when at 1hour of raising in the pan that it hadn’t moved much. So, I set the time for another 45 minutes. This time, it had changed. I decided to preheat the oven, which took 15 minutes. By then, it was 1/2” from the top of the pan. So, in she went. I did all the steps exactly. I am thrilled with my Pullman pan. The loaf released immediately with hardly a crumb left behind. It is beautiful. I cannot wait to taste it tomorrow. Thank you for a splendid recipe.
★★★★★
Hi Patricia! I’m so glad you enjoyed the bread and that it reminds you of your travels to Scandinavia! Thank you for taking the time to let me know how it turned out. I really appreciate it. I hope you have a bunch of yummy open sandwiches planned!
Kristi
Hello again. I have now baked this recipe four times, I end up sharing a lot of each loaf with friends. I even made a waxed cotton bag in which to keep it. One question, the very center of the loaf seems unbaked as compared to the top, sides, and bottom. I am doing everything exactly as directed. Should I bake it longer? At which stage? Thinking at the stage of the uncovered pan??j Because we usually toast each slice, that center spot goes away. But, just need your thoughts. Thank you so much.
Hi Patricia,
I’m so glad you are enjoying the bread! I would tack on an extra 10 minutes of baking time at the very end after you have turned the loaf out onto the baking sheet. That should help it to continue to dry out in the low heat of the oven. Oven temps can vary so much from oven to oven, especially with this recipe where we are changing the oven temperature twice in the middle of the bake. And then just make sure to give it ample time at room temperature uncovered to cool before wrapping. I hope that helps. Let me know how it turns out!
Thanks,
Kristi
This recipe looks lovely and very authentic! I do have a rye sourdough starter and would appreciate getting the recipe that uses one! Really looking forward to trying it!
Hi Lorrie,
Thank you for your nice note! If you want to use your sourdough starter, give this recipe a try. It gets a lot of good feedback from readers. Let me know if you have any questions. Happy baking!
Kristi
Delicious! I mixed by hand so I wondered if next time I could reserve two cups of flour to add the next day? It would make mixing easier but not sure if it would interfere with the rise?
★★★★★
Hi Lydia,
Thank you for your comment. I’m so glad you enjoyed the bread! I am also impressed that you were able to mix the dough by hand. It’s really thick and sticky! I’m not sure what would happen if you held back on some of the flour until the next day. I agree with you…it might affect the rise but I think only by slowing it down some. The recipe originally called for a small amount of instant yeast (1/2 teaspoon) to be added in the final mix. You could try that too just to give it a little extra help. Please report back if you give it a try!
Kristi
Hi!
I imagine this is a silly question but it’s my first time making rye bread. Would it still work by just using completely rye flour instead of the mix with bread flour? Or would it completely change the texture?
Thank you!
Hi Lucy!
Thanks for your question! It’s nice to have the help of bread flour here because it brings a little gluten structure to the loaf (rye is very low in gluten) and prevents it from getting gummy on the inside (a common problem with 100% rye flour breads). I definitely recommend using a combination of the two. Happy baking and please report back and let me know what you think!
Kristi
Hi Kristi
I finally found courage enough to test your RUGBRØD reciepe. Success in first try, but a few observations.
Raw sunflower seeds were impossible to locate even thoug i tried several stores and a coop. I finally broke down an purchased some lightly roasted, but unsalted sunflower seeds. It works, except for the fact, that the bread tastes too much of sunflower. In fact, it tasts exactly a sunflower bread that I have purchased in Denmark. Do you thing that lightly toasted seeds give out a stronger taste than raw? In planning my next bread, which “milder tasting seeds” do you suggest I try, or should I just use less sunflower seeds and try to adjust the reciepe to that? I have tryed to perfect my rugbrød for a long time (missing my good danish stable) and usually found my bread that was “gummy”in the middle (you still eat it though, as I hate to see food wasted). Your reciebe have eliminated that “gummy” problem and I am eternaly grateful for that.
★★★★★
Hi Morten,
Thanks for your comment! I’m so glad the bread was a success and that you’ve eliminated the gummy problem. I’ve had that same problem myself with other recipes and it’s so disappointing. Using toasted seeds rather than raw will definitely result in a stronger sunflower taste. The raw are much more subtle. I think I would try using half the sunflower seeds and see how that goes rather than subbing in a different seed altogether. You might add a little less water to the soaker but I’m not sure that it’s going to make much of a difference as it is only 1/2 cup of seeds. Let me know how it turns out! Happy baking!
Kristi
Hello! This recipe sounds great as I have struggled to find good rye here in my city. As I’m only baking for myself- would it be possible to half this recipe and use a smaller bread pan?
Thank you!!
Hi Mae,
Thanks for your question! I’ve had other people tell me they have halved the recipe and it’s worked out just fine. If you don’t have a Pullman pan with a lid, simply set a baking sheet on top of your standard loaf pan during the part of the baking process where it is supposed to be covered. This bread also freezes nicely so it you make a full loaf or two smaller ones, you could always wrap one and tuck it away in the freezer for another day. Please report back and let me know how it goes! Happy baking!
Kristi
Made this yesterday _ turned our exactly like I have grown up with in Denmark, One question and a comment.
The dough (rye flour, bread flour, yeast and water)- what is the reason for the COLD water? Normally with yeast I would use luke warm water, but I followed your recipe and the dough was not like clay, more like brick – I managed to get it somewhat to stick together but I was certain that I would be tossing it in the garbage the next morning…..it was not at all like the video you show where you knead it and my Kitchenaid was pushed to the limit when mixing next morning… I wonder if warm water would work better or maybe a bit more water. Have you ever run into this?
For my comment, I don’t have a Pullman pan but I took a strip of parchment, brushed a tiny bit of olive oil on it, sprinkled a bit of rye flour to cover and put it on the top of the pan with foil on top, very loosely covered and the dough rose and baked with it on without anything sticking..
I will make this many times now as I have never made from scratch….
Hi Helle,
I’m so glad the bread turned out well for you! I start with cold water because I want everything to rise slowly at room temperature over a 12 hour period. Warm water would definitely accelerate the process. Is it possible that you used active dry yeast rather than instant? They look the same and it’s easy to get the two mixed up. That might be one reason the consistency didn’t seem right. My only other thought would be to double check the amount of water next time. And thanks so much for the parchment paper and foil tip. Genius! Happy baking!
Kristi
This was so delicious but it was completely gummy and raw inside despite a nice crust 🙁
★★★
Hi Salma,
I’m sorry to hear that! This bread is definitely moist, but should not be gummy and raw. A few trouble shooting thoughts for you…did the bread rise normally? If the yeast failed for some reason or you used active dry rather than instant yeast, that could be a reason it didn’t bake up properly. Did you cover the loaf during the first half hour of baking and follow all of the changes in temperature? The baking process is critical to the success of the final loaf. Finally, it could be your oven. Some ovens run hotter than others and if yours tends to run cool, it’s possible that it needed more time. If you have a meat thermometer at home, you can always take the temperature of your loaf to make sure it is fully baked. The internal temperature of your loaf should be 205-210 degrees F when it is done. Hope this helps!
Kristi